Do command behaviours drift toward authoritarian or laissez-faire extremes, where crews become either intimidated or complacent, passive rather than actively engaged, creating a parent-to-child dynamic that weakens the First Officer’s role as an effective layer of defence and fails to extract the team’s full performance potential?
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Operational experience and academic research shows these patterns are often linked to personality and attitude, coupled with an reduced metacognition. When leadership lacks a balanced concern for both people and performance, communication deteriorates, resources are underutilised, teamwork degrades, and safety margins erode. 

This programme addresses that gap by developing reflective capacity and leadership behaviours that support adult-to-adult interaction, collaborative communication, and constructive conflict resolution, with the Commander serving as a role model to enable full crew resource utilisation. It provides the foundation for effective command leadership models and is suitable for both experienced Captains and First Officers preparing for command.